Topical Index
abbesses
authority of, 316–318
priesthood of, 317–318
Abraham and Sarah, 89–90
achievement orientation (in technological society), 497
Acts of Paul, 118
Adam (as type of Jesus), 36–39
adornment
New Testament injunction, 196
women and subordination, 92–93
aggression
animal studies, 413
cross-cultural studies, 411–412
male character, 658
man/woman differences, 404–405, 436
ahab (root of agapē), 81n
Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, 296–297
man/woman differences, 407
Apollos, 108
Apostolic Church Order, 312
Apostolic Constitutions, 312
ascetic movement, 314–316
Augustine, 299–300
authentein (authority), 199–201
authenticity, 500–501, 546–547, 605–606
authority
biblical vs. contemporary views of, 55–56
bypassing scriptural, 358–375
of scripture, 333–357
socialism and, 527
and teaching, 201
baptism, 144
Bardwick, Judith, 475–476
Basil of Caesarea, 321
behavioral psychology. See behaviorism
behaviorism, 465
Bem, Sandra, 468
Bernard, Jessie, 470
biodeterminism, 452–456
bodily experience (man/woman differences), 395–398
Boucher, Madeleine, 165–166, 234
brain (man/woman differences), 409
Buytendijk, F. J. J., 390–391, 395, 399–401
canon. See scripture: canonicity of
care-subordination, 41
celibacy/celibates
order of virgins, 315
and personal relationships, 669–671
value of, 163–164
Chafetz, Janet, 469
charitable service, 110–113
childrearing
discipline, 69
guidelines for, 617
New Testament practice, 64–70
Christian character, 650–653
Christian community. See community (Christian)
Christian ethics, 544–550
Christian Liberationist
approach to culture, 274–285
exegesis, 230–235
Christianity
challenged in twentieth century, 589–591, 598–599
historical challenges to, 537–540
modern ethics and, 548–550
modern ideologies and, 539–540
modern secular influences on, 540–543
and non-Christian ethical systems, 544–550
Chrysostom, John, 61, 91, 136, 297–299, 308–309
church Fathers. See specific topics
church, modern
community in, 596–597
leadership in, 642–650
Church of Sweden, 234–235
church orders, 194–195, 311–312
See also specific councils and synods
circumcision, 144
Clement of Alexandria, 117–118, 293–294
Clement of Rome, 127–128, 291–292, 337
commitment (in technological society), 497–498
community (Christian)
as a people, 591–594
authority in, 202–204
cultural considerations, 635
defined, 39
early vs. contemporary church, 124–130
family in, 617–618
governance, 125–130, 203–204, 348–349
leadership in, 303–332, 642–650
modern society and, 608–613
need for, 580–584
order in New Testament, 347–348
restoration of, 591–608
role differences in, 214–216
roles in New Testament, 102–103, 135–136
service roles in, 134–139
social roles in, 599–604, 648–650
social structure in New Testament church, 261–267
and socialism, 611–612
in technological society, 617–618, 626–629
and traditionalism, 608–610
women’s participation in worship, 169–193, 189–193
community order, 194–195
Council of Laodicea, 313
Council of Saragossa, 313
Council of Toledo, 313
creation account
historicity, 5–8
man and woman, 24–26
sexes and, 10–23
truth value, 7–9
cross-cultural patterns, 422–434
culture
attitudes toward, 279–281
Christian truth and, 284–285
Christianity as God’s, 281
evolution and, 280
expression of sex differences in, 424–425
in relationship to God, 282–283
current practice of the church, 568–571
deacon, 118–119
charitable service and, 110–113
position, 122–123
authority of, 123–124
restoration of, 623–624
role, 118–124
Dead Sea Scrolls, 247–248
Deborah (prophetess), 105–106, 349
dependence (man/woman differences), 436
descent group structure, 426–427
development of doctrine, 565–568
Didascalia Apostolorum, 121, 311
Diognetus (Epistle to), 610
disciples, 250–252
discrimination (objection to social roles), 607–608
division of labor. See labor, division of
divorce, 148
Jesus’ approach, 3–5
domestic roles (man/woman division), 423–424
domination (oppressive subordination), 32, 41
early church. See specific topics
education, 619–620
effeminacy, 654–655
guidelines for, 622–623
social roles and, 304
women as, 130–134, 304–306, 645–650
Ellul, Jacques, 494–495
emotions
female dependence on men, 664–665
man/woman differences, 390–391, 394, 406–408
empathy, 392
Enlightenment, the, 538
epimeleomai (care for), 50
Epiphanius of Salamis, 123, 307–308
episkopos (bishop), 84
Epistle to Diognetus, 610
church Fathers on, 295
Erikson, Erik, 391
eros, 81n
ethics (Christian vs. non-Christian), 544–550
ethology, 437–439
Eusebius, 104–105
Evangelical Feminism, 230–235
Eve, 205–208
exegesis
definition, 225
difficulties in, 228–230
Liberationist, 230–235
restatement, 229–230
ezer, 24n
Fall, the, 29–31
impact on man-woman relationship, 205–213
family (the), 72–73
childrearing in, 64–71
in Christian tradition, 290–302
community and, 617–618
extended family, 48–49
feminism and, 455
guidelines for strengthening, 616–618, 638–642
husband’s role in, 48–56
male/female relationships and, 434–435
New Testament roles, 95–103, 134–139
role breakdown in, 453–455
roles in, 46–71
structure, 46
subordination in, 622–623
in technological society, 484, 502–510
in traditional society, 484
working mothers and, 680
Fascism, 525
father
childrearing, 64–70
role, 48–56
father-son relationship, 64–68
Fathers of the church. See specific topics
fear (man/woman differences), 407
female characteristics (summarized), 448–450
female personality, 661–665
feminism
and Christianity, 561–562
the Fall and, 30n
female personality and, 662–663
social science methodology, 469–477
women’s rights, 512–513
Firmilian, 307
Fox, Robin, 444–447
Freud, Sigmund, 416–417
Freudianism, 465
frustration (man/woman differences), 402n*, 407–408
full person (ethical principle), 547
functional principle, 483–491
bureaucracy, 486
defined, 483–484
functional roles, 601–603
Fundamentalism, 352–357
defined, 353–355
gap between the centuries, 558–560
gay liberation, 532
Gelasius I, Pope, 313–314
Genesis
historicity, 5–9
subordination in, 32–35
Gentile Christians, 150–151
goal orientation, 398–402
Goldberg, Stephen, 440
government
in early Christian community, 303–332
guidelines for in Christian community, 622–623
in traditional society, 495–496
group behavior, 434–437
hair styles, 197
Hamburg, Beatrix, 447
Haustafel. See household codes
head (Pauline understanding), 182–184
headship, 83–88
health (man/woman differences), 409
Hellenistic culture, 272–274
hesed, 81n
hēsychia (quietness), 198
Hildebrand, Dietrich von, 389, 401n
Hillel, school of, 4
history
Genesis and, 6–8
Marxist view of, 527–528
honor, 94–95
household codes, 74–89, 263–264
Huldah (prophetess), 106
humanity
as a people, 591–594
creation of, 11–14
purpose of, 36
husband
authority in family, 54
cares for family, 51–55
role of, 48–56
ruler (head), 50
hypostassō (subordination), 23
ideology
defined, 520
ethical principles, 544–550
importance in modern world, 533–535
Liberalism, 521–525
liberation movements, 532–533
modern Christianity and, 538–540, 550–551
romantic reaction, 529–532
Socialism, 525–529
Ignatius of Antioch, 292
image of God
humanity as, 11–14
restored through Christ, 146
individualism, 492–495
inferiority, 43–44
insecurity, 517
inspiration of scripture, 336
integration/differentiation (trait-pattern), 388–398
intellectual differences, 392–395, 408
ishshah (woman), 19n*
isolation, 505–506
Jacklin, Carol, 435–437
Jehuda, Rabbi, 149
Jesus
behavior toward women, 246–255
new Adam, 36–39
restorer of new humanity, 37–39
Job, 51–54
Judaism
effect on early church, 267–271
first-century, 243–249
religious obligations, 244–245
women in, 243–255
worship in temple, 244
Jung, Carl, 651n
Junia(s), 132
kephalē (head), 83–85
Kibbutzim, 431–433
kinship bonds, 502–504
labor, division of, 423
Laodicea, Council of, 313
leadership
approaches to, 643–648
early church and, 124–134
early vs. contemporary church, 125–130
strengthening of, 642–650
subordination and, 127
women in, 622–625
See also elders; government
legalism, 349–352
legislation, 683–687
Levy, Marion J., 655–656
Liberalism, 521–525
liberationist exegesis, 230–235
liberation movements, 532–533
Lloyd, Barbara, 470
Lutheranism, 350–351n
Maccoby, Eleanor, 435–437
machismo, 660–661
male absenteeism, 427–428
male characteristics (summarized), 448–450
male personality, 653–663
man
creation of, 15–16
first-born, 25
man/woman differences
anxiety, 407
bodily experience, 395–398
brain, 409
cross-cultural patterns, 422–425
dependence, 436
emotional, 390–391, 394, 406–408
ethological evidence, 437–439
fear, 407
goal/personal need orientation, 398–402
group behavior, 434–437
health, 409
hormonal rhythm, 409
individual, 379–420
integration/differentiation, 388–398
maturation, 409
nurturance, 405–406
physical, 408–410
sexuality, 395–398
size, 409
social structural, 421–459
spatial ability, 408
strength, 409
summary of, 448–452
talking about, 382–385
verbal ability, 408
marriage. See family
Marxism, 525–529
Mary (disciple of Jesus), 251
masculinized woman, 661–662
mashal (rule), 34
matriarchy, 425
matrilineal society, 426–427
maturation, 409
Mead, Margaret
cross-cultural studies, 412
goal/personal need trait-pattern, 400–401
man/woman sexual diffusion, 397
social order, 602–603
value of social roles, 457
menstrual cycle, 414–415
Midrash, 246–249
Mill, John Stuart, 522
missionary work, 115–118
Modernism, 352–357
monasticism
social structure in, 611–612
women in, 314–318
Money, John, 413–414
Montanism, 307
Mosaic Law
Gentiles and, 150–151
women in, 148–152
mother, 64–70
mother-daughter relationship, 68, 664
musar (training), 69
mutual subordination, 75–76n
mystērion (mystery), 88
neqaybah (female), 12n†
new humanity, 591–594
New Testament
authority of teaching, 216–219
intent of teaching, 218–222
man/woman roles, 212–224, 577–579
pastoral approach, 580–584
principles of application, 579–584
social teaching of, 598
See also scripture
Newman, John Henry, 565–566
nurturance (man/woman differences), 405–406
occupations, 678–682
oikodespotein (ruler of home), 57
oneness of man/woman, 217–218
ordination of women, 674–678
original sin, 29–36
Ortner, Sherry, 394, 424, 434, 475
paideia (discipline), 69
parent-child relationships, 506–507
pastoral care, 619–620
patristic literature, 103n, 291–301, 304–311
Paul (apostle)
attitude toward women, 255–259
circumcision, 144
consistency of teaching, 242
freedom, 341–342
Mosaic law, 143–144
and pagan culture, 255–259
rabbinic influence on, 268–269
role teaching, 140–167
See also Paul’s letters in Scripture Index
personal care, 496–497
personal need orientation, 398–402
personal relationships
Christian teaching on, 262–264
in technological society, 497–502
personal subordination, 543
personality
female characteristics, 661–665
male characteristics, 653–663
philadelphia (brotherly love), 158, 598, 616
Philip, daughters of (prophetesses), 104–105
Phoebe (deaconess), 120–121
Photius of Constantinople, 314
physical differences, 408–410
Pius X, Pope, 353
Pius XI, Pope, 301–302
Polycarp of Smyrna, 292
presbyteras (older women), 132–133
presbyteros (elder/older man), 132–133
priesthood, 305–306
See also ordination of women
quietness, 198
rabbinic teaching
attitudes toward women, 244–245
effects on early church, 267–271
New Testament reflects, 363–364
relational principle, 483–491, 594–599
relationships
brother-sister, 667–668
celibates, 669–671
Christian community and, 214, 594–599
father-son, 64–68
husband-wife, 26–28, 73–101, 290–302, 666–669
man-woman, 666–669
outside Christian community, 629–636
single people, 669–671
in technological society, 483, 497–502
in traditional society, 483, 595
rights
Christian, 342–343
women’s, 512–513
roles
cross-cultural patterns of, 422–434
cultural expression of, 625–626
guidelines for, 614–636
New Testament teaching on, 95–101, 213–216, 264–267
objections to, 604–608
social, defined, 599–604
romantic reaction, 529–532
ros (head), 84
Rosaldo, Michelle Zimbalist, 423, 429–430, 440–442
Ryder, Norman, 506–507, 508, 509–510
Saragossa, Council of, 313
scripture
apostolic, 336–337
application of, 374–375, 554–555, 557, 577–583; objections to,557–571; principles for,580–584
authority of, 333–357, 575–576
bypasses of authority of, 358–375
canonicity of, 335
contradictions in, 368–371
Fundamentalism, 352–357
inspiration of, 336
intent of, 571–573
interpretation of, 7, 352–357, 576–577; individualistic,365–367
meaning for now, 556–558
rabbinic influences on, 363–364
submission to, 339–341, 344–349, 372–373
understanding, 345–349
See also New Testament
Seaman, Barbara, 455
Second Vatican Council, 289n‡, 338
self-fulfillment, 546
sexism, 607–608
sexuality
effects of role breakdown on, 454
man/woman differences, 395–398
Shammai, school of, 4
Shema, 245
signs of the times, 560–564
sin. See original sin
size (man/woman differences), 409
slavery, 156–157, 161–164, 265–266
social complexity, 428–430
social responsibility, 657–658
social roles
characteristics of, 599–604
and functional roles, 600–604
guidelines for, 620–622, 627–628
objections to, 604–608
See also roles
social science methodology, 460–477
social structure
Christian community and, 597–604
Christianity and, 635–636
diversity of, 426–431
early church, 263–264
explaining differences in, 439–448
guidelines for, 620–622
man/woman differences, 422–439
role breakdown in, 453–456
socialist, 610–611
structuralist hypothesis, 443–448
in technological society, 483–490
in traditional society, 483–490
Socialism, 525–529
society. See social structure
sociology
descriptive methods, 385–386
experimental methods, 386–387
spatial ability (man/woman differences), 408
specialization, 488–489
standardization, 488–489
strength (man/woman differences), 409
structuralism, 443–448
submission, 339
subordination, 76–101
Abraham and Sarah, 89–90
character trait, 93
as cultural universal, 424
Genesis and, 23–28
and Gn 3 curses, 32–35
guidelines for, 622–623
husband-wife, 76–101
inferiority and, 43–45
Israelite society and, 26–28
mutual, 75–76n
New Testament teaching on, 95–101
oppressive (see domination)
and submissiveness, 93
types of, 40–45
and unchristian spouse, 90–91
value of in church, 592–593
Swidler, Arlene, 8–9n*(8)
Tabitha, 111
Talmud, 246–249
teacher, office of, 107–108
teaching
function of, 199
in New Testament church, 107–110
women and, 107–110, 198–199, 203–204
technological society, 478–518
achievement orientation in, 497
adapting to, 629–636
ethics in, 545–550
evaluation of, 514–518, 551–553
psychological problems, 516–517
relationships in, 595–596
social problems, 514–516
social roles in, 604–608
values in, 497–502
Tertullian, 295–296, 306, 325–326
Thecla (evangelist), 118
Theodore of Mopsuestia, 310
Theodoret of Cyrus, 310
the “world,” 550
Tiger, Lionel, 444–447
Toledo, Council of, 313
tradition
authority of, 288–289
defined, 288–290
interpretation of, 326–328
objections to, 318–319
strength of, 322–323
value of, 286–287
traditional roles, influence of, 510–511
traditional society, 479–483
Christian society and, 609–610, 628–629
training of children, 68–69
Trilling, Lionel, 500–501n
unity
and community, 39n†
God’s desire, 39–40
subordination and, 41
values (in technological society), 497–502
Vatican II. See Second Vatican Council
verbal ability, 408
Victorian caricature, 513
von Hildebrand, Dietrich. See Hildebrand, Dietrich von
widows
charitable service and, 110–113
wife
subordinate to husband, 60, 82–83
woman
companion to man, 20–21
creation of, 17–19
glory of man, 181–182
helper, 22
Victorian caricature of, 513
weakness of, 320–321
womanhood, 663
women’s liberation, 532–533
See also feminism
women’s rights, 511–513, 512–513, 683–687
work (guidelines for), 620–622
worship, 151–152, 171–187, 274
zakar, 12n†